f1328df2e24d57d982a336f705d0301852603bc0 jnavarr5 Wed Jan 20 11:20:33 2021 -0800 Fixing some typos found during code review, CR #26822 diff --git src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/history.html src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/history.html index 4a9ff0a..0c320b7 100755 --- src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/history.html +++ src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/history.html @@ -144,31 +144,31 @@ <img class="text-center" alt="Jim next to his computer" src="/images/jim-in-garage.jpg" style="margin-botton:5px; width:500px"> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:1"> <font SIZE=-1> Jim Kent in his garage sitting next to the computer where he wrote the 10,000 lines of computer code to assemble the first draft assembly of the human genome. </font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <img class="text-center" alt="Jim, David, Patrick, and Scot at UCSC." src="/images/genomeAssemblyEraGroup2000.jpg" style="margin-botton:5px; width:400px"> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:1"> <font SIZE=-1> - Jim Kent, David Haussler, Parick Gavin and Scot Free Kennedy at UCSC. + Jim Kent, David Haussler, Patrick Gavin and Scot Free Kennedy at UCSC. </font> </div> </div> </div> <a name="celera"></a> <h3>New challenger, Celera Genomics</h3> <p> It was a crucial time for the international project. A private company, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celera_Corporation">Celera Genomics</a>, had announced its intention to assemble the human genome sequence well in advance of the public effort, raising the fear that the sequence would be protected by patents and thus not be freely available to scientists. Celera Genomics was using an alternative approach, a so-called whole-genome "shotgun" method, where small bits of the sequence are read at random from the genome, and then a computer @@ -270,31 +270,31 @@ <p> The UCSC team was a key part of the Hard Core Analysis Group that published in the Feb 15, 2001 issue of Nature. We linked the genome sequence to previous genetic, cytogenetic, and radiation hybrid maps, and to the new physical clone map. We did this both to refine and validate the sequence assembly, and to explore phenomena such as positional and gender variation in recombination rate, regional isochore structure and repeat structure at the single base resolution for the first time. David Kulp performed the mapping of STS markers, messenger RNAs and ESTs, Terry Furey mapped the chromosome band positions, cytogenetic markers (~8,000 gene regions mapped by Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization) and isochores, and integrated these data with the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. </p> <p> The genome sequence at the time of release, however, was simply a few billion characters -of Gs, As, Ts and Cs, many of them assigned to chromsomes. As indicated above, however, +of Gs, As, Ts and Cs, many of them assigned to chromosomes. As indicated above, however, without landmarks it is unintelligible. During this time, Kent was also working on a computer program that would allow him to view genes of <em>C. elegans</em> and show via a web interface which parts of the genes are ultimately used by the cell to encode proteins. The process of "splicing" removes sequence called introns and was visualizable using Jim's program, The Intronerator. </p> <p> The Intronerator evolved into Genome Browser and ultimately became a tool to provide information about the functional significance of many other parts of the genome sequence. The process of annotation, as it is called, identifies sequences that represent not only the genes and which parts of the genes encode proteins, but also the control sequences that tell cells when and where to activate genes, which regions of the genome are conserved through evolution and can be found in other animals, and many other significant regions. Essentially, in the Browser the genome became a coordinate system upon which to hang any functionally significant annotation.