215d7a575ff21f96f5bf8d3d4a3d20f95bd1d95a
mspeir
  Sat Sep 26 19:57:36 2026 -0700
assembly hub docs: fix broken twoBit and BLAT examples, correct mirror IPs, lead with the short hub URL, document hubCheck, refs #37641

diff --git src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/help/assemblyHubHelp.html src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/help/assemblyHubHelp.html
index 85c811d0ec6..d854232b295 100755
--- src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/help/assemblyHubHelp.html
+++ src/hg/htdocs/goldenPath/help/assemblyHubHelp.html
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<!--#set var="TITLE" value="Assembly User Guide" -->
+<!--#set var="TITLE" value="Assembly Hub User Guide" -->
 <!--#set var="ROOT" value="../.." -->
 
 <!-- Relative paths to support mirror sites with non-standard GB docs install -->
 <!--#include virtual="$ROOT/inc/gbPageStart.html" -->
 
-<h1>Assembly Hub User Guide</strong></h1>
+<h1>Assembly Hub User Guide</h1>
 
 <a id="overview"></a>
 <h2>Overview</h2>
 <p>
 An Assembly Data Hub is a set of Internet-accessible data files that define the reference sequence
 to be used for a browser instance, as well as all the data files that define the annotation for
 that sequence. Assembly Data Hubs allow researchers to use the UCSC Genome Browser to view their
 own sequences with associated annotation, without the requirement that UCSC support a browser on that sequence.
 </p>
 
 <p>
 <b>Note</b>: if you are working with a genome that has already been submitted
 to the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/">NCBI Assembly</a> system, it may
 already be available in the <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.
 Please check the <a href="https://hgdownload.gi.ucsc.edu/hubs/">GenArk Assembly Hub</a> collection
@@ -25,83 +25,80 @@
 <a href="/assemblyRequest">UCSC Assembly Request</a> page to request that the genome assembly be
 added.</p>
 
 
 <h2>Contents</h2>
 <h6><a href="#webServer">Web Server</a></h6>
 <h6><a href="#hubTxt">Assembly Hub Components</a></h6>
     <ul style="margin-left: 20px;">
         <li><a href="#hubTxt">hub.txt</a></li>
 	<li><a href="#genomesTxt">genomes.txt</a></li>
 	<li><a href="#twoBitFile">2bit File</a></li>
 	<li><a href="#chromAlias">chromAlias</a></li>
         <li><a href="#groupsTxt">groups.txt</a></li>
 	<li><a href="#singleFileHub">Single-File Track Hub</a></li> 
     </ul>
+<h6><a href="#checkingYourHub">Checking Your Hub</a></h6>
 <h6><a href="#linkingHub">Linking to Your Assembly Hub</a></h6>
 <h6><a href="#buildingTracks">Building Tracks</a></h6>
 <ul style="margin-left: 20px;">
-    <li><a href="#cytobandTrack">Cyotoband Track</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#cytobandTrack">Cytoband Track</a></li>
 </ul>
 <h6><a href="#assemblyHubResources">Assembly Hub Resources</a></h6>
 <ul style="margin-left: 20px;">
     <li><a href="#gOnRamp">G-OnRamp</a></li>
     <li><a href="#makeHub">MakeHub</a></li>
     <li><a href="#exampleNcbiAssemblyHubs">Example NCBI Assembly Hubs</a></li>
     <li><a href="#exploringHubFiles">Exploring the Files Behind the Hub</a></li>
 </ul>
-    </li>
-</ul>
 <h6><a href="#addingBlatServers">Adding BLAT Servers</a></h6>
 <ul style="margin-left: 20px;">
     <li><a href="#configuringAssemblyHubs">Configuring Assembly Hubs to Use a Dedicated gfServer</a></li>
     <li><a href="#troubleshootingBlatServers">Troubleshooting BLAT Servers</a></li>
     <li><a href="#configuringDynamicGfServer">Configuring Assembly Hubs to Use a Dynamic gfServer</a></li>
     <li><a href="#checkGfServerStatusForDynamicServers">Check gfServer Status for Dynamic Servers</a></li>
 </ul>
-    </li>
-</ul>
 
 <a id="webServer"></a>
 <h2>Web Server</h2>
 <p>
 To display a novel genome sequence in the UCSC Genome Browser, a web server hosted by the
 institution (or a free service such as <a href="hgTrackHubHelp.html#Hosting">Cyverse</a>)
 can be used. For environments operating behind a firewall, hub files can also be loaded locally
 through <a href="hubQuickStartAssembly.html#blatGbib">GBiB</a> to provide access to the UCSC Genome
 Browser. Hosting hub files over HTTP is strongly recommended, as it is
 significantly more efficient than FTP. A hierarchical directory structure must then be
 established to organize the files associated with the genome sequence. For example:
 </p>
 
 <pre style="margin-left: 20px;">
 myHub/ - directory to organize your files on this hub
     hub.txt - primary reference text file to define the hub, refers to:
     genomes.txt - definitions for each genome assembly on this hub
         newOrg1/ - directory of files for this specific genome assembly
             newOrg1.2bit - '2bit' file constructed from your fasta sequence
             description.html - information about this assembly for users
             trackDb.txt - definitions for tracks on this genome assembly
             groups.txt - definitions for track groups on this assembly
             bigWig and bigBed files - data for tracks on this assembly
             external track hub data tracks
 </pre>
 <p>
 The hub can be referenced by a URL such as: http://yourLab.yourInstitution.edu/myHub/hub.txt</p>
 
 <h2>Assembly Hub Components</h2>
-<a id=#assemblyHubComponents"></a>
+<a id="assemblyHubComponents"></a>
 
 <a id="hubTxt"></a>
 <h3>hub.txt</h3>
 <p>    
 The initial file, <b>hub.txt</b> is the primary URL reference for the assembly hub:</p>
 <p>Format of the file:</p>
 <pre style="margin-left: 20px;">
 hub hubName
 shortLabel genome
 longLabel Comment describing this hub contents
 genomesFile genomes.txt
 email contactEmail@institution.edu
 descriptionUrl aboutHub.html
 </pre>
 <p>
@@ -123,31 +120,31 @@
 <h3>genomes.txt</h3>
 <p>The <b>genomes.txt</b> file provides references to the genome assemblies and tracks available in
 the assembly hub.</p>
 <pre>
 genome ricCom1
 trackDb ricCom1/trackDb.txt
 groups ricCom1/groups.txt
 description July 2011 Castor bean
 twoBitPath ricCom1/ricCom1.2bit
 organism Ricinus communis
 defaultPos E09R7372:1000000-2000000
 orderKey 4800
 scientificName Ricinus communis
 htmlPath ricCom1/description.html
 transBlat yourLab.yourInstitution.edu 17777
-blat yourLab.yourInstitution.edu 17777
+blat yourLab.yourInstitution.edu 17779
 isPcr yourLab.yourInstitution.edu 17779
 </pre>
 <p>
 Multiple assembly definitions can be included in a single file, separated by blank lines. The file
 references are relative paths. In this example, the subdirectory <strong>ricCom1</strong> contains
 the files for this specific assembly.</p>
 <ul>
     <li><strong>genome</strong> is equivalent to the UCSC database name. This name appears on title
 	    pages in the Genome Browser.</li>
     <li><strong>trackDb</strong> points to the file that defines the tracks for this genome
 	    assembly (see the
 	    <a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/hgTrackHubHelp.html">Track Hub</a>
 	    help documentation for details).</li>
     <li><strong>groups</strong> points to the file defining track groups, which are collections of
 	    related tracks displayed together under the main Genome Browser image.</li>
@@ -179,39 +176,43 @@
 The <strong>.2bit</strong> file is constructed from the FASTA sequence for the assembly using the
 <strong>faToTwoBit</strong> <em>kent</em> program (available from the
 <a href="https://hgdownload.gi.ucsc.edu/admin/exe/" target="_blank">downloads</a> page).</p>
 <p>Example:</p>
 <pre>
 faToTwoBit ricCom1.fa ricCom1.2bit
 </pre>
 <p>
 Use <strong>twoBitInfo</strong> to verify sequences and create a <strong>chrom.sizes</strong> file,
 which is not used in the hub itself but is helpful for constructing <strong>big*</strong> files:
 </p>
 <pre>
 twoBitInfo ricCom1.2bit stdout | sort -k2rn &gt; ricCom1.chrom.sizes
 </pre>
 <p>
-The <em>.2bit</em> file can also be hosted at a URL:</p>
+The <em>.2bit</em> file can also be read directly from a URL, so these commands work against a
+hosted hub without downloading the file first:</p>
 <pre>
-twoBitInfo -udcDir=https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubPlants/cshl2013/ricCom1/ricCom1.2bit stdout | sort -k2nr &gt; ricCom1.chrom.sizes
+twoBitInfo https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubPlants/cshl2013/ricCom1/ricCom1.2bit stdout | sort -k2nr &gt; ricCom1.chrom.sizes
 </pre>
 <p>
+Add <code>-udcDir=/your/cache/dir</code> to control where the downloaded blocks are cached. Note
+that this option takes a directory, not the URL of the <em>.2bit</em> file.</p>
+<p>
 To extract sequences from a <em>.2bit</em> file:
 </p>
 <pre>
-twoBitToFa -seq=chrCp -udcDir=https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubPlants/cshl2013/ricCom1/ricCom1.2bit stdout &gt; ricCom1.chrCp.fa
+twoBitToFa -seq=chrCp https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubPlants/cshl2013/ricCom1/ricCom1.2bit stdout &gt; ricCom1.chrCp.fa
 </pre>
 
 
 <a id="chromAlias"></a>
 <h3>chromAlias</h3>
 
 <p>
 The <code>chromAlias</code> setting enables the Genome Browser to automatically convert chromosome
 names in submitted custom track data from alternate naming schemes to the names used in the
 assembly. The <code>chromAlias</code> setting uses a <code>chromAlias.txt</code> file. This
 functionality applies to both custom track data and assembly hub data.</p>
 
 <p><b>chromAlias.txt Format</b></p>
 <p>
 The first line of the <code>chromAlias.txt</code> file begins with a pound symbol (<code>#</code>)
@@ -224,39 +225,40 @@
 All lines following the header line consist of columns of sequence names separated by a tab
 character. If no equivalent name exists in a particular naming scheme, the column remains empty,
 resulting in two adjacent tab characters.</p><br>
 <p>Example:</p>
 <pre>
 # ucsc  assembly        genbank ncbi    refseq  ensembl
 chr1    1       CM000663.2      1       NC_000001.11    1
 chr10   10      CM000672.2      10      NC_000010.11    10
 chrM    MT      J01415.2        MT      NC_012920.1     MT
 chrX    X       CM000685.2      X       NC_000023.11    X
 </pre>
 
 <p>In this example, the columns represent:</p>
 <ul>
 	<li><b>ucsc</b> -  UCSC-style <code>chrN</code> names</li>
-	<li><b>assembly</b> - names from the NCBI assembly_report.txt</code> file</li>
+	<li><b>assembly</b> - names from the NCBI <code>assembly_report.txt</code> file</li>
 	<li><b>genbank</b> - INSDC names</li>
 	<li><b>ncbi</b> - names from the <code>chr2acc</code> file in the <code>assembly_structure/</code> hierarchy</li>
 	<li><b>refseq</b> - names from RefSeq annotations</li>
 	<li><b>ensembl</b> - names from the Ensembl assembly</li>
 </ul>
 <p><b>Assembly Hub Usage</b></p>
 <p>To use the <code>chromAlias.txt</code> file in an assembly hub, add the following line to the
-genome stanza of the hub.txt file:</p>
+genome stanza, which lives in <code>genomes.txt</code> in a multi-file hub or in
+<code>hub.txt</code> itself in a <a href="#singleFileHub">single-file hub</a>:</p>
 <pre>chromAlias thisGenome.chromAlias.txt</pre>
 <p>This is a relative path reference from the <code>hub.txt</code> file.</p>
 <p>Example genome stanza:</p>
 <pre>
 genome GCF_000001405.39
 taxId 9606
 groups groups.txt
 description human
 twoBitPath GCF_000001405.39.2bit
 twoBitBptUrl GCF_000001405.39.2bit.bpt
 chromSizes GCF_000001405.39.chrom.sizes.txt
 chromAlias GCF_000001405.39.chromAlias.txt
 organism human
 defaultPos chr1:82985474-82995474
 scientificName Homo sapiens
@@ -378,72 +380,74 @@
    <li>The <b>defaultIsClosed</b> setting controls whether the group is initially expanded or
        collapsed (0 for expanded, 1 for collapsed).</li>
 </ul>
 <p>Refer to the <a href="/goldenPath/help/hgTrackHubHelp.html#Group"
 target="_blank">Adding Groups to a Track hub</a> section of the Track Hubs help page for more
 details.</p>
 
 <a id="singleFileHub"></a>
 <h3>Single-File Track Hub (useOneFile on)</h3>
 <p>
 Traditionally, an assembly hub required multiple configuration files (<code>hub.txt</code>,
 <code>genomes.txt</code>, <code>trackDb.txt</code>, and optionally <code>groups.txt</code>), along
 with a <code>.2bit</code> file for the sequence. The <code>useOneFile on</code> option simplifies
 this by consolidating everything into a single configuration file. <b>Note:</b> The single-file
 format supports one genome assembly per file. For multiple assemblies, use the traditional
-multi-file setup.</p>
+multi-file setup. A single-file hub that defines a second genome does not report an error: the
+Browser uses only the first genome stanza and attaches every track to it.</p>
 <p>Example configuration:</p>
 <pre>
 hub mySingleFileHub
 shortLabel My Single-File Hub
 longLabel An example of a single-file UCSC track hub
 useOneFile on
 email myEmail@example.com
 
 genome hg19
 
 track exampleBigWig
 shortLabel BigWig Coverage
 longLabel Coverage data over hg19
 type bigWig
 visibility full
 bigDataUrl http://myServer.com/data/example.bigWig
 
 track exampleVCF
 shortLabel VCF Variants
 longLabel Variant calls over hg19 region
 type vcfTabix
 visibility pack
 bigDataUrl http://myServer.com/data/example.vcf.gz
 </pre>
 
 <ul>
     <li>The <strong>hub</strong> stanza with the <strong>useOneFile on</strong> setting replaces <code>hub.txt</code>.</li>
     <li>The <strong>genome</strong> line replaces <code>genomes.txt</code>.</li>
-    <li>The <strong>track</strong> stanzas replaces <code>trackDb.txt</code>.</li>
+    <li>The <strong>track</strong> stanzas replace <code>trackDb.txt</code>.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p>
 If your hub requires a reference genome sequence, you can still provide a <code>.2bit</code> file
 with <code>twoBitPath</code>. Grouping (previously in
-<a href="#groupsTxt">groups.txt.</a>) can also be integrated here if needed.
+<a href="#groupsTxt">groups.txt</a>). can also be integrated here if needed.
 </p>
 
 <p>
 Once hosted on a server, the single configuration file (and associated data files such as 
 <code>.bigWig</code>, <code>.vcf.gz</code>, <code>.2bit</code>) can be loaded into the UCSC Genome
-Browser via the <a href="/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect" target="_blank">My Hubs</a> page.</p>
+Browser via the <b>Connected Hubs</b> tab of the
+<a href="/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect" target="_blank">Track Data Hubs</a> page.</p>
 
 <a id="buildingTracks"></a>
 <h2>Building Tracks</h2>
 <p>Tracks are defined in the <strong>trackDb.txt</strong> file, where each stanza specifies how
 tracks are displayed (shortLabel, longLabel, color, visibility), along with other information such
 as the group the track belongs to (referencing <a href="#groupsTxt">groups.txt</a>) and whether
 additional HTML should be displayed when a user clicks into the track or a track item:</p>
 <pre>
 track gap_
 longLabel Gap
 shortLabel Gap
 priority 11
 visibility dense
 color 0,0,0
 bigDataUrl bbi/ricCom1.gap.bb
@@ -468,69 +472,94 @@
 <p>
 Assembly hubs can include a Cytoband track, which allows quicker navigation of chromosomes and
 displays banding pattern information, if known.</p>
 <p>
 A simple version of the track can be built using the existing chrom.sizes file for your assembly.
 Banding options include: <code style="background-color: transparent; color: inherit;">gneg, gpos25,
 	gpos50, gpos75, gpos100, acen, gvar, or stalk</code>).</p>
 <p>Example:</p>
 <pre>
 cat araTha1.chrom.sizes | sort -k1,1 -k2,2n | awk '{print $1,0,$2,$1,"gneg"}' &gt; cytoBandIdeo.bed
 </pre>
 <p>
 The resulting BED file can be converted into a BigBed file and associated with an <code>.as</code>
 definition file (see
 <a href="examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/araTha1/cytoBand.as"
-	target="_blank">example</a>) to
+	target="_blank">example</a>)
 to inform the browser that this is not a standard BED:</p>
 <pre>
 bedToBigBed -type=bed4 cytoBandIdeo.bed -as=cytoBand.as araTha1.chrom.sizes cytoBandIdeo.bigBed
 </pre>
 <p>
 In <b>trackDb.txt</b>, if the track is named <b>cytoBandIdeo</b> (e.g.,
 <a href="examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/araTha1/trackDb.txt"
         target="_blank">track cytoBandIdeo</a>), it will automatically load into the assembly
 hub.</p>
 
+<a id="checkingYourHub"></a>
+<h2>Checking Your Hub</h2>
+<p>
+Before loading a new or edited hub in the Browser, run <b>hubCheck</b> against it. The utility is
+available from the <a href="https://hgdownload.gi.ucsc.edu/admin/exe/" target="_blank">downloads</a>
+page. It reads the hub the way the Browser does and reports missing files, malformed stanzas,
+settings the Browser does not recognize and data files it cannot open:</p>
+<pre>
+hubCheck https://yourLab.yourInstitution.edu/myHub/hub.txt
+</pre>
+<p>
+Problems are reported with the line number of the stanza they came from, which is usually quicker
+than working backwards from a hub that loads but shows nothing. A clean run reports no problems;
+purely cosmetic omissions, such as a missing hub description page, come back as warnings rather
+than errors.</p>
+<p>
+<b>Note</b>: hubCheck validates the files it is given, so it cannot catch every problem. In
+particular it does not flag a <a href="#singleFileHub">single-file hub</a> that defines more than
+one genome, which fails silently in the Browser.</p>
+
 <a id="linkingHub"></a>
 <h2>Linking to Your Assembly Hub</h2>
 <p>
-Direct links to the genome(s) within the assembly hub can then be constructed.</p>
+Once the hub is hosted, you can link straight to a genome inside it. Give the
+<code>hubUrl</code> of your <em>hub.txt</em> and the <code>genome</code> you want, and the Browser
+loads the hub and opens that assembly.</p>
 <ul style="list-style-type: none; margin-left: 20px;">
     <li>
-        <strong>The hub connect page:</strong>
-        <br>
-        <a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect?hgHub_do_redirect=on&hgHubConnect.remakeTrackHub=on&hgHub_do_firstDb=1&hubUrl=http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt" target="_blank">
-                http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect?hgHub_do_redirect=on&hgHubConnect.remakeTrackHub=on&hgHub_do_firstDb=1&hubUrl=http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt
-        </a>
-    </li>
-    <li>
-        <strong>The genome gateway page:</strong>
+	<strong>Directly to the genome browser:</strong>
 	<br>
-        <a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?genome=araTha1&hubUrl=http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt" target="_blank">
-            http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?genome=araTha1&hubUrl=http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt
-        </a>
+	<a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=araTha1&amp;hubUrl=https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt"
+		target="_blank">https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=araTha1&amp;hubUrl=https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt</a>
     </li>
     <li>
-        <strong>Directly to the genome browser:</strong>
+	<strong>To the gateway page instead:</strong>
 	<br>
-        <a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=araTha1&hubUrl=http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt" target="_blank">
-            http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=araTha1&hubUrl=http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt
-        </a>
+	<a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?genome=araTha1&amp;hubUrl=https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt"
+		target="_blank">https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?genome=araTha1&amp;hubUrl=https://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/examples/hubExamples/hubAssembly/plantAraTha1/hub.txt</a>
     </li>
 </ul>
-
+<p>
+For hubs published in <a href="https://hgdownload.gi.ucsc.edu/hubs/" target="_blank">GenArk</a>
+there is a shorter form still, <code>https://genome.ucsc.edu/h/</code> followed by the accession,
+for example
+<a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/h/GCA_030020305.1"
+	target="_blank">https://genome.ucsc.edu/h/GCA_030020305.1</a>.</p>
+<p>
+A longer form exists that routes through the hub connect page. It is worth knowing about only when
+you need the Browser to rebuild the hub's track list rather than reuse what it has already
+cached, which is occasionally useful while a hub is still being developed:</p>
+<pre>
+https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect?hgHub_do_redirect=on&amp;hgHubConnect.remakeTrackHub=on&amp;hgHub_do_firstDb=1&amp;hubUrl=yourHubUrl
+</pre>
 
 
 <a id="assemblyHubResources"></a>
 <h2>Assembly Hub Resources</h2>
 <p>
 Resources for automatically building assembly hubs include <a href="https://g-onramp.org/"
 	target="_blank">G-OnRamp</a> and <a href="https://github.com/Gaius-Augustus/MakeHub"
 	target="_blank">MakeHub</a>.</p>
 
 <a id="gOnRamp"></a>
 <h3>G-OnRamp</h3>
 <p>
 G-OnRamp is a Galaxy workflow that turns a genome assembly and RNA-Seq data into a Genome Browser
 with multiple evidence tracks. Since G-OnRamp is based on the Galaxy platform, becoming familiar
 with Galaxy concepts and functionalities is recommended. See their
@@ -670,112 +699,116 @@
 isPcr yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 17779
 </pre>
 <p>With this configuration, BLAT and PCR searches become available for the assembly.
 For example:</p>
 <pre>
 http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgBlat?hubUrl=http://yourServer.yourInstitution.edu/myHub/hub.txt
 </pre>
 <p>
 This URL opens the BLAT interface, where the assembly will appear in the Genome drop-down menu.
 The <code>isPcr</code> line enables the use of a different gfServer instance for PCR queries if
 desired.</p>
 <p><b>Firewall note</b>: Some institutions block repeated BLAT server queries. In such cases,
 administrators must whitelist the following IP ranges:</p>
 <ul>
 	<li><code>128.114.119.*</code> (U.S. site: genome.ucsc.edu)</li>
-	<li><code>129.70.40.120</code> (European mirror: genome-euro.ucsc.edu)
+	<li><code>129.70.40.37</code> (European mirror: genome-euro.ucsc.edu)</li>
+	<li><code>134.160.84.3</code> (Asian mirror: genome-asia.ucsc.edu)</li>
+	<li><code>128.114.198.32</code> (UCSC development server)</li>
 </ul>
 <p>
 Further details on gfServer options are available from the
 <a href="https://hgdownload.gi.ucsc.edu/downloads.html#source_downloads">Source Downloads page</a>
 (pre-compiled binaries are located in the <b>blat/</b> directory) and the
 <a href="/goldenPath/help/blatSpec.html">blat documentation</a>.</p>
 <p>
 gfServers may also be set up within
 <a href="/goldenPath/help/gbib.html" target="_blank">GBiB</a>
 for local operation; see the
 <a href="/goldenPath/help/hubQuickStartAssembly.html#blatGbib" target="_blank">GBiB assembly BLAT setup</a>
 guide for detailed instructions.
 
 <p>To terminate a gfServer instance, run:</p>
-<pre>gfServer stop localhost 17860</pre>
+<pre>gfServer stop localhost 17779</pre>
 
 <a id="troubleshootingBlatServers"></a>
 <h3>Troubleshooting BLAT servers</h3>
 <p>
 Errors may occur if translatedBlat and nucleotideBlat port numbers are reversed. A typical
 message in this case is:</p>
 <pre>Expecting 6 words from server got 2</pre>
 <p>If a gfServer instance is started from the same directory as the .2bit file, for example:</p>
 <pre>
 gfServer start localhost 17779 -stepSize=5 contigsRenamed.2bit &</pre>
 <p>an attempt to run a DNA sequence query through the web-based BLAT tool may return:</p>
 <pre>
 Error in TCP non-blocking connect() 111 - Connection refused
 Operation now in progress
 Sorry, the BLAT/iPCR server seems to be down. Please try again later.
 </pre>
 
 
 <ol>
 	<li><b>Process check</b><br>
-		Confirm that a gfServer process is running:</li>
-                <pre>ps aux | grep gfServer</pre>
+		Confirm that a gfServer process is running:
+                <pre>ps aux | grep gfServer</pre></li>
         <li><b>Verify path and filename</b><br>
 		In the <code>genomes.txt</code>, the twoBitPath/filename must match the .2bit file
 		used when starting <code>gfServer</code>. The location of the gfServer instance can
 		be verified by changing into the directory where gfServer was launched and running
 		the appropriate hostname command.
                 <pre>hostname -i</pre>
 		This will return an IP address, for example:
 		<code>132.249.245.79</code><br>
 		Test the connection with telnet:
 		<code>telnet</code>:
                 <pre>telnet yourIP yourPort</pre>
 		For example:
                 <pre>telnet 132.249.245.79 17777</pre>
 		A successful connection shows:
 		<pre>Connected to 132.249.245.79</pre>
 		If <code>Connection refused</code> appears, gfServer may not be running, or the
 		IP/port configuration is incorrect.<br>
 		The <code>genomes.txt</code> file should also be checked to confirm that the BLAT
 		line matches the correct IP and port. For example:
                 <pre>blat 132.249.245.79 17777</pre>
 		Instead of:
                 <pre>blat localhost 17777</pre></li>
 	<li><b>Check gfServer status</b><br>
 		Request status directly from <code>gfServer</code>:
 		<pre>gfServer status yourLocation yourPort</pre>
         	For example:
 		<pre>gfServer status 132.249.245.79 17777</pre>
-        	Sample output might look like:</li>
+        	Sample output might look like:
 <pre>
-version 36x2
+version 39x1
+serverType static
+version 39x1
 type nucleotide
 host localhost
 port 17777
 tileSize 11
 stepSize 5
 minMatch 2
 pcr requests 0
 blat requests 0
 bases 0
 misses 0
-noSig 1
+noSig 0
 trimmed 0
 warnings 0
-</pre>
+</pre></li>
 	<li><b>Test with gfClient</b><br>
 		A reliable troubleshooting method is to bypass the web interface and use the
 		command-line utility <code>gfClient</code>. If <code>gfClient</code> successfully
 		connects to <code>gfServer</code>, the IP/port configuration is correct. Running
 		<code>gfClient</code> directly verifies connectivity independently of the browser
 		interface. From the directory containing the hub's <code>.2bit</code> file, the
 		command can be executed as follows:
                 <pre>gfClient yourLocation yourPort pathTo2bitFile yourFastaQuery.fa output.psl</pre>
 		For example:
 		<pre>gfClient localhost 17777 . query.fa gfOutput.psl</pre>
 		Note the <code>.</code> after the port, which tells <code>gfClient</code> to use
 		the <code>.2bit</code> file in the current directory. Check <code>gfOutput.psl</code> for BLAT results.<br>
 		<ul>
 			<b>DNA test</b>
 		        <pre>gfClient yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 17779 `pwd` test.fa dnaTestOut.psl</pre>
@@ -793,62 +826,63 @@
 directory containing the <code>.2bit</code> and <code>.gfidx</code> files.</p>
 <p>For example:</p>
 <pre>
 blat yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 4096 dynamic yourAssembly
 transBlat yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 4096 dynamic yourAssembly
 isPcr yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 4096 dynamic yourAssembly
 </pre>
 <p>The genome and gfServer indexes would be:</p>
 <pre>
 $rootdir/yourAssembly/yourAssembly.2bit
 $rootdir/yourAssembly/yourAssembly.untrans.gfidx
 $rootdir/yourAssembly/yourAssembly.trans.gfidx
 </pre>
 <p>Refer to the
 <a href="http://genomewiki.ucsc.edu/index.php/Running_your_own_gfServer#Building_gfServer_indexes"
-   target="_blank">Building gfServer indexes</a> section for for detailed instructions on building
+   target="_blank">Building gfServer indexes</a> section for detailed instructions on building
    the index.</p>
 <p>For large hubs, it is possible to have more deeply nested directories. For instance, the
 following NCBI convention:</p>
 <pre>
 blat yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 4096 dynamic GCF/000/181/335/GCF_000181335.3
 transBlat yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 4096 dynamic GCF/000/181/335/GCF_000181335.3
 isPcr yourServer.yourInstitution.edu 4096 dynamic GCF/000/181/335/GCF_000181335.3
 </pre>
 <p>Which will reference these genome files and indexes:</p>
 <pre>
 $rootdir/GCF/000/181/335/GCF_000181335.3/GCF_000181335.3.2bit
 $rootdir/GCF/000/181/335/GCF_000181335.3/GCF_000181335.3.untrans.gfidx
 $rootdir/GCF/000/181/335/GCF_000181335.3/GCF_000181335.3.trans.gfidx
 </pre>
 
 
 <a id="checkGfServerStatusForDynamicServers"></a>
 <h3>Checking gfServer status for dynamic servers</h3>
 <p>A query without specifying <code>genome</code> acts as an &quot;I am alive&quot; check:
 <pre>
 % gfServer status myserver 4040
-version 37x1
+version 39x1
 serverType dynamic
 </pre>
 <p>Specifying a <code>-genome</code> checks that it is valid and provides information on how the index was
 built:</p>
 <pre>
 % gfServer -genome=mm10 -genomeDataDir=test/mm10 status myserver 4040
-version 37x1
+version 39x1
 serverType dynamic
 type nucleotide
 tileSize 11
 stepSize 5
 minMatch 2
-</pre><p>Using <code>-trans</code> checks the translated index:</p></pre>
+</pre>
+<p>Using <code>-trans</code> checks the translated index:</p>
 <pre>
 % gfServer -genome=mm10 -genomeDataDir=test/mm10 -trans status myserver 4040
-version 37x1
+version 39x1
 serverType dynamic
 type translated
 tileSize 4
 stepSize 4
 minMatch 3
 </pre>
 
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